If you have a period, you’ll know some days are heavier than others. However, for some, heavy periods can be more than just a nuisance—they can be a sign of underlying health conditions that need attention. If you’re experiencing particularly heavy or prolonged periods, it’s important to understand what’s considered "normal" and when you might need to take action.
What’s Considered a Normal Period?
Everyone’s periods are unique - so you will know what is ‘normal’ for you. However, as a rule a typical menstrual period lasts between 3 to 7 days and occurs about every 21 to 35 days. The amount of bleeding can vary, but on average, people lose about 30 to 40 milliliters (about 2 to 3 tablespoons) of blood during each cycle. A period is generally considered heavy if it lasts longer than 7 days or if the bleeding is so heavy that it interferes with daily activities, like needing to change your tampon or pad every hour, passing blood clots larger than a pound coin, or experiencing fatigue, extreme pain or anemia.
If you’re wondering whether your period is "normal" or "heavy," it’s helpful to track your cycles and symptoms over a few months. If you notice consistently and unusually heavy bleeding or significant discomfort, you should seek advice from your doctor.
Potential Causes of Heavy Periods
Several factors can contribute to heavy periods. Some of the most common causes include:
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside of it. This abnormal tissue can grow on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other organs in the pelvis. Endometriosis can cause severe pain, especially before and during menstruation, and it is known to lead to heavy periods. The misplaced tissue can also cause inflammation, scarring, and sometimes heavy bleeding, contributing to longer, more painful periods.
Symptoms of endometriosis may include pelvic pain, pain during sex, lower back pain, and digestive issues. If you're experiencing these along with heavy periods, it's important to consult with a healthcare provider. Endometriosis is often misdiagnosed, and it can take a long time to get the support you need - so seeking medical advice sooner rather than later is a good idea.
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis is a condition where the tissue that normally lines the uterus (the endometrium) begins to grow into the muscular wall of the uterus. This can cause the uterus to enlarge, leading to heavy and prolonged periods, as well as severe period pain. Adenomyosis is often confused with other conditions like fibroids, but it tends to result in a more generalised enlargement of the uterus rather than localised growths. It can also often be mixed up with endometriosis - although it’s totally possible (common in fact) to live with both conditions.
If you have adenomyosis, you may notice a sensation of pelvic pressure, bloating, or discomfort during your period. It can sometimes be managed with hormonal treatments, but in more severe cases, surgical intervention may be required.
Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and frequent urination. The size and location of the fibroids can impact the severity of symptoms. Fibroids are very common, especially in people over 30, and can cause periods to be much heavier than normal.
Fibroids can be managed with hormonal treatments, medications that reduce bleeding, or even surgery if necessary. If you notice unusually heavy bleeding, frequent urination, or pelvic pressure, it may be time to see a doctor to rule out fibroids.
Postpartum Periods
After giving birth, your body undergoes significant changes, and it can take a few months for your menstrual cycle to return to its normal rhythm. Some people may experience heavier-than-usual periods in the months following childbirth, particularly during the first few periods. This can be caused by hormonal fluctuations, the body's recovery from pregnancy, or even retained placenta.
If you're breastfeeding, the hormones involved in lactation can also impact the menstrual cycle, sometimes delaying or altering the return of menstruation. It’s normal for postpartum periods to vary, but if they continue to be exceptionally heavy or painful, speak with a healthcare provider.
Perimenopause
Perimenopause is the transition period before menopause, where your body gradually produces less oestrogen. This can lead to irregular cycles and, for some people, heavier periods. As the ovaries produce fewer eggs, hormonal fluctuations can result in periods that are either lighter or heavier than normal. This stage can last several years before menopause officially occurs.
While irregular periods are a common sign of perimenopause, heavy bleeding and flooding can be more disruptive. If you’re in this phase of life and experiencing abnormally heavy periods, a healthcare provider can offer treatments to help balance hormones and manage bleeding.
How to Manage Heavy Periods
If you’re dealing with heavy periods, there are several ways to manage them:
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Track Your Periods: Start by tracking your cycle, including the number of days your period lasts and how much bleeding you experience. This will give your healthcare provider important information for diagnosis.
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Use the Right Period Products: If you’re dealing with heavy periods, the right period care is key. Pads and tampons can sometimes let you down, leading to leaks - which is where NIXI knickers can come in handy! You can wear any of our knickers alongside a pad, tampon or cup for extra protection from leaks or you can even wear them on their own. For heavy periods we recommend the Carla or the Polly which hold up to 4 tampons worth of blood.
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Consider Hormonal Treatments: Whilst there are many natural ways to navigate period problems, if you’re really struggling, birth control pills, the hormonal IUD, or hormone therapy can help regulate your menstrual cycle and reduce the amount of bleeding.
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Pain Management: Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen can help reduce menstrual cramps that often accompany heavy periods. Heating pads and relaxation techniques may also provide relief.
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Iron Supplements: Heavy bleeding can lead to iron deficiency anemia. If you’re experiencing fatigue, dizziness, or pale skin, speak with your doctor about whether iron supplements are necessary.
When to Seek Medical Help
While occasional heavy periods may not require immediate medical attention, persistent heavy bleeding should not be ignored. Consult your doctor if you experience:
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Periods that last more than 7 days
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Needing to change your pad or tampon every hour for several hours
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Blood clots larger than a quarter
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Extreme fatigue or signs of anemia
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Pain that disrupts your daily life
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Irregular or missed periods (particularly if you're under 40 or are not perimenopausal)
If left untreated, conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, and adenomyosis can lead to long-term health issues, including infertility or complications during pregnancy.